Obesity in the UK

 Read the text carefully and do the activities.

   The health time bomb of obesity is exploding. Already one in three UK children is obese or overweight. Unless we act, by 2050 over half of adults and almost half of children will be clinically obese. Given that obesity takes, on average, 13 years from the life of sufferers, this could lead to the first fall in life expectancy for over 300 years.

               A key cause of the obesity crisis is our poor diet. The vast majority of  UK children consume too much salt, fat and sugar and almost all of them don't get enough fruits and vegetables. In addition to obesity, poor diet is causing a rise in diabetes, heart diseases and other health problems.

Advertising and profit

  Lots of big companies are making much profit. Why don’t they stop advertising and reduce the price of their goods. The poor consumer would have to pay a great deal more if advertising didn’t create many markets for products. It’s precisely because of heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think that the only purpose of advertising is to sell goods. Another important function is to inform. A great deal of knowledge we have about household goods derive largely from the advertisements we read. They introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of a few ones we already know.

Exam on Medical ethics with correction

Level: 3year foreign languages

Duration: 3 hours

Text:

         Medical ethics are the principles or standards of human conduct with regard to the field of medicine, medical research, the philosophical analysis and discussion of these principles. Questions about medical ethics were, until the middle of the 20 century, thought to be for the medical profession alone to answer. There might be questions, for example, about whether it could be ever be right to breach the strict code of confidentiality that holds between doctor and patient.

Comparative and superlative adjectives

Conditional type 0

When we want to talk about things that are always or generally true, we can use

If/When/Unless plus a present form PLUS present simple or imperative.

• 
  
  If you press this button, you get black coffee.
• 
  
  When you fly budget airline, you don't expect to get anything to eat.
• 
  
  Unless you need a lot of leg-room, don't pay the extra for first class.
  

Pen pal

 132, Constitution street,

                                                          Spring square,

                                                             Madrid,

                                                             Spain

                     Dear Jamal,

                       Hi, My name is Claudio.I’m from Italy, but I live in Spain. I’m seventeen years old. I’m a student, and I go to school five days a week.

                     My best family member is my uncle, Juan.He is thirty years old. He is an actor.He is Spanish,but he lives in America. He loves music and he listens to it everyday. My uncle has got a happy family. His wife’s name is Jane. She is twenty eight years old .She is American. She is a doctor. My uncle and

Bill Gates

Read the following Passage then answer the questions below.

Bill Gates was born on October 28th 1955 in Seattle, USA.  His father, William H.  Gates was a lawyer.  His mother, Mary Gates, was a schoolteacher.  She died in 1994.  Bill Gates began programming computers at age 13.  In 1973, Gates joined Harvard University.      He started Microsoft company in 1975 with his friend Paul Allen.  Microsoft has become the largest software company in the world.  Some of its famous products are Windows Xp Professional, Windows Vista and office 2007.  Bill Gates has become the richest person in the world.       He married Melinda French in 1994 in Hawaii.  They have three children; Jennifer, Rory and Phoebe.  Gates enjoys reading and playing golf.  Bill and Melinda Gates made a big organization for helping the poor and education.

THE TECHNOLOGY: A BLESSING OR CURSE?

T

he technology of computer science is having a dramatic effect on our lives, and the most immediate consequence of this technology is its impact on employment. Robots and computer – have taken over routine jobs on the car assembly line where three robots can replace ten men working on a two-shift system. One giant American company has shown that it is now possible to replace all its assembly workers with machines. Robots carry out tedious tasks with a high degree of reliability for an hourly “wage” of about 5 dollars. The average human worker on a car assembly line, in contrast, earns about 20 dollars an hour.

Pollution

1 / Circle the correct answers: 

We all need food to survive. But in the last 50 years, research has shown that the food we eat ¹(ought to / may / has to) be killing us, rather than helping us survive. The body stays in good health when it receives nutrients ²(that / who / whom) come from the food we eat. Some of the 'healthiest foods', which are the foods highest in essential nutrients ³(and / but / then) are familiar, affordable and great tasting, are the same foods that are artificially, ⁴(chemical / chemistry / chemically), synthetically and genetically produced. As a result of this, the human body is not only being robbed of the nutrients it needs to sustain ⁵(himself / herself / itself), but it is also being exposed to ⁶(dangerous  / useful  / healthy) chemicals that can cause serious harm. And that's the problem. But it doesn't have to be a problem any longer because we have found the ⁷(cause / reason / solution): organic food which is food ⁸(of / from / for) plants and animals that are produced without the use of synthetic fertilizers, artificial pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics, growth hormones, feed additives or genetically modified organisms.

Stress

I

t is a well known saying that work means stress, but psychologists claim that those who suffer from stress are often not high-powered executives but unskilled workers doing boring, repetitive jobs, especially those on production lines. Unemployment often has a similar effect on its victims. If we wish to prevent this type of stress and the depression that frequently follows long periods of it, we will find ways of educating people to cope with this sudden increase in leisure time.

Noise pollution

W

hen people speak of pollution, they generally mean pesticides, acid rain, nuclear waste and chemicals dumped into rivers or oceans. They rarely allude to noise which, as been recently proved, is a major source of pollution.

Bearing in mind that noise is one of the most unpleasant features of modern life, governments have done their best to reduce it. They have built barriers along roads to protect houses from the sound of traffic and have also prohibited radios in public places and issued laws against people who disturb others at night.

Nathalie's achievements

 Natalie was a gifted schoolgirl who loved swimming. It had always been her dream to participate in the Olympic Games, and she got a chance in 2000, but early in 2001, just as she was leaving the New-lands swimming pool one morning round about seven o’ clock, a motorist smashed into her scooter. She was badly injured, and had to have her leg amputated. After her traumatic accident, her dreams of becoming a famous swimmer seemed not to have been accomplished. But she didn’t give up. She was determined to continue with her life and to fulfill her dreams. She says that she “grew up” after the accident, and only then realized what life was really all about.

Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland on March 3, 1847. When he was only eleven years old, he invented a machine that could clean wheat. Graham studied anatomy and physiology at the University of London, but moved with his family to Quebec, Canada in 1870.
Bell soon moved to Boston, Massachusetts. In 1871, he began working with deaf people and published the system of Visible Hearing that was developed by his father. Visible Hearing illustrated how the tongue, lips, and throat are used to produce vocal sounds. In 1872, Bell founded a school for the deaf which soon became part of Boston University.

Advertising mags and newspapers

Anyone who lives in America is aware of advertising. Persuading newspapers and magazines, we see full-page colour ads urging us to buy clothes, autos, cigarettes and kitchen appliances. Television and radio programmes include commercials; we all have heard the phrases “brought to you by” and “sponsored by” hundreds of times. If we drive, we see road signs or bill roads proclaiming the qualities of products or the location of restaurants or motels. If we commute on a transmit system, we can’t help but notice the prominent signs displayed on the buses and the subways. And in our mail, along with the bills and the letters, come shiny flyers and circulars promoting products and announcing sales.

Obesity

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Acid Rain

Acid rain is a form of pollution. It can occur naturally near volcanoes or some wetlands. But the main cause of acid rain is from human sources, such as power plants, factories and motor vehicles. Factories produce many kinds of toxic chemicals. Among them, the key substances of acid rain are 502(sulfur dioxide) and NO(nitrogen oxide).
When 502 and NO are emitted into the atmosphere in factory smoke, they get absorbed by water droplets in the clouds. The chemicals change the water's pH level by turning them to acid. Later, when the toxic water droplets fall to the earth as rain, snow or mist, the acid rain has adverse impacts on the environment.

Fast food

Fast food is cheap, easy and quick. Fast food companies spend millions of dollars each year trying to make young people believe that fast food is cool. The average American eats three burgers and four orders of French fries a week. Is it surprising that 14% of American teenagers are obese?

Cloning wars

  WHAT'S AT STAKE IN THE CLONING WARS?
Two scientists are talking about human cloning. Read their opinions.

Dr.Ian Bulfield
"Human cloning will take place, and I don't fear it at all. I welcome it. I think it's right and proper that we continue this kind of inquiry. There are a number of genetic diseases for which there is no cure... and this will enable us to carry out research into the causes of those diseases and perhaps develop methods to treat them. Cloning has potential uses, including new medicines, or possibly developing techniques to treat diseases, such as fixing defective cells and returning them to the patient. These studies could also provide valuable information about the mechanism of ageing. Besides, there might be cases where human cloning could benefit infertile couples. Let me compare today's debate to the 1960s, when many believed heart transplants were unethical."

Laughter benefits

I read that a child laughs 400 times a day on the average, while an adult laughs only 15 times each day. Which is puzzling since laughter feels so good and is so good for us! You may know the benefits of laughter on the mind and spirit, but are you aware of how much a good laugh can help you physically? Norman Cousins used to say that laughter is so bene¬ficial for your body that it is like “inner jog¬ging.”
Mayo Clinic (Mayo Clinic Health Letter, March 1993) reports that laughter aids breathing by disrupting your normal respiration pattern and in¬creasing your breathing rate. It can even help clear mucus from your lungs. Laughter is also good for your heart. It in¬creases circulation and improves the delivery of oxygen and nutrients to tissues throughout your body.

Technology and schools

 Will technology  replace schools ?
       Text :
             1-  Some people believe that soon schools will no longer be necessary. These people say that
         because of the Internet and other new technology , there is no longer any need for school buildings,
         formal classes or teachers. Perhaps, this will be true one day, but it is hard for me to imagine a world
         without schools. In fact, we need to look at how we can use new technology to make schools better
         not to eliminate them.

exam on consumerism

 PART ONE: Reading and Interpreting (16pts)                                                                                              Read the following text then do the activities.                                                         
      Chinese consumers are losing confidence in their country’s dairy industry after the latest contaminated milk products scandal. Almost6, 500 babies and children become ill and four have died. Several hundred infants now have kidney problems. Many children need operation to remove stones from their kidneys. The reason for this tragedy is the poisonous compound added to the milk to increase the level of protein in it. The country’s biggest dairy company admitted finding the deadly melamine chemical in its baby powder. The same chemical has also been found in liquid milk. Supermarkets are clearing their shelves of domestic milk products.

AMBITION

   Ambition is the strong desire we feel to reach some goals in our life. It is one of the main forces which motivates our actions and sustains the hard efforts we make during long years. When it takes hold of our minds we go to extremes to satisfy it and give a material existence to any of the realisations we want to accomplish  in the future.

The Internet

SECTION ONE: READING AND INTERPRETING (15pts)
Read the text and answer the questions:
The Internet is one of the latest developments in the world of communication. It is a communication network spread all over the world. Three things are needed to be connected to the Internet: a computer, a telephone line and a service provider.
It was first used by the U.S Army in the late 60’s as a super-power competition in the cold war between the American and the Russians. It was called at that time the Web. Later on, this means of communication was shared by people throughout the world.

English proverbs

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Tests

I- Read the following text and then do the tasks below
About three years ago, something terrible happened to me. Those six hours of terror have broken my body and soul. You think I am a very old man-but I am not. It took less than a single day to change my hair from black to white. One day, my two brothers and I were coming back from the islands, our boat full of fish. All at once, the horizon was covered with a cloud and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm. An enormous wave covered our boat and my younger brother fell overboard. Our boat survived, and I was trying to recover when my elder brother put his mouth close to my ear, and screamed out the horrifying word "Whirlpool!" With the wind and waves we were going in the direction of the whirlpool, and nothing could save us!