Homonyms and Homophones

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

The information in these clauses is not essential. It tells us more about someone or something, but it does not help us to identify them or it.
Compare:

• Dogs that like cats are very unusual. (This tells us which dogs we are talking about).
• Gorillas, which are large and orignate in Africa, can sometimes be found in zoos. (This gives us some extra information about gorillas - we are talking about all gorillas, not just one type or group).
• John's mother, who lives in Scotland, has 6 grandchildren. (We know who John's mother is, and he only has one. The important information is the number of grandchildren, but the fact that she lives in Scotland might be followed with the words "by the way" - it is additional information).

Punctuation
Non-defining relative clauses are always separated from the rest of the sentence by commas. The commas have a similar function to brackets:

• My friend John has just written a best-selling novel. (He went to the same school as me)
• My friend John, who went to the same school as me, has just written a best-selling novel.

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Big Business For Cyberteens

     Some young Americans love computers, but not for playing games. Trent, Danny and Charles run their own computer advice companies. 

     Their fascination for computers began at  an early age. Danny   Kalmick, from California, got his first computer at age five. When he was 11, he understood how it worked. Now Danny, 14, owns Kalmick & Co. , fixing computers and giving advice. So far, he has 50 clients.

     Trent Einsenberg, 16, from Minneapolis, realised he could make money from his computer knowledge when he easily found the solution to a problem described on the Internet. Compaq, a top computer manufacturer, saw his response and offered him a job.

Section1. Reading Comprehension

Read the following text carefully then do the activities.

Learning English

        English language learning is widely spread over different parts of the world . It is taught as a foreign language in many countries. In many others, it is considered as a part of their culture: It is used as a second language. They are called the Commonwealth or the English language speaking countries.

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       The English language learners are often seen as the best judges of their own needs and wants because they know what they can and cannot do with it, and what language skills are more essential . Even large numbers of them  face  problems  and expensive access to the  necessary materials , they  prefer  to surf   through the Internet  or read books and special  magazines dealing with the subject .

Bac 2012 scientific stream with correction